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[The tape for pulmonary artery banding]
Iwase, J., M. Maeda, et al. (2005), Kyobu Geka 58(9): 804-6.
Abstract: Pulmonary artery banding remains a useful procedure for special conditions. A 3-month-old girl diagnosed as Down syndrome with atrioventricular septal defect underwent pulmonary artery banding. We used polyester tape smeared with Bone Wax for this pulmonary artery banding. After 7 months period, the tape was easily dissected from surrounding tissue and removed at radical operation. Microscopic appearance showed that the tape was intact and no evidence of inflammation or mineralization. We believe Bone Wax smeared polyester tape accomplishes well as silicone impregnated one.

[The thermal analysis of mineral-based biomaterials used in dentistry. 5]
Minguzzi, V., R. Mongiorgi, et al. (1995), Minerva Stomatol 44(1-2): 43-53.
Abstract: In this study the following commercial products were thermo-analysed (TG, DTG, DTA): reabsorbable Dac Blu, non reabsorbable Dac Blu, non reabsorbable atomized Dac Blu, non reabsorbable thin Dac Blu, reabsorbable Biocoral 450, non reabsorbable thin Dac Blu, reabsorbable Biocoral 450, Calcitite 2040-12, Orthogel, Apagen, BTF 65, Calcitite 4060-2, Osprogel, Bio-Oss, Biostite, Osprovit, Merck Hydroxiapatite. The apparatus utilized was a Setaram TAG 24, in a symmetrical set up, which gave the TG, DTG and DTA analysis simultaneously. The analysis of all the materials were performed in correct operative conditions. The thermo analyses gave useful information about the thermal stability of the samples. The TG analysis gave the data relative to the percentage of weight loss due to the volatile substances in the samples (H2Oass C, OH-, CO2). The DTG graph made it possible to establish the presence of carbonate apatite and/or hydroxyapatite or the absence of both the substances. Finally, DTA and DTG analyses allowed show the presence of various organic substances. These data were very useful to characterize the examined materials and confirmed the extreme importance and sensibility of this method.

[The toxicologic evaluation of biomaterials. 1. Results of biomaterial tests in cultures of human amnion epithelial cells and human fibroblasts]
Jacker, H. J., R. Meyer, et al. (1985), Pharmazie 40(7): 472-5.
Abstract: Cell cultures are a highly sensitive toxicological model used also for the testing of biomaterials. Beside the safety tests provided in the Pharmacopoeia of GDR cultures from human amnionepithelial cells and fibroblasts are used. The paper reports the results of some methodical investigations concerning the procedure of extraction of biomaterials, the evaluation of test results and the comparison with the results of other biological tests.

[The treatment of urinary incontinence by injectables. Analysis of our series]
Rodriguez Faba, O., A. San Martin Blanco, et al. (2005), Arch Esp Urol 58(3): 227-31.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of endoscopical injections for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), evaluating its low invasiveness and positive impact on quality of life. METHODS/RESULTS: Belween 1997--2003 30 procedures of periurethral injection of various substances for urinary incontinence were performed at our department in women between 47-80 years. All patients were evaluated before surgery, clinically and urodynamically, in accordance to international standardized parameters (filling pressure/flow studies, maximum urethral closure pressure, LPP-leak point pressure). The kind of material employed for injection, surgical technique and satisfaction degree were also evaluated. RESULTS: The indication for surgery was SUI in 17 cases (56.6%), and mixed urinary incontinence in 73 cases (43.3%). 16 cases (53.3%) had history of previous surgery for SUI. Regarding urodynamic parameters, 19 patients (63.3%) have a maximum urethral closure pressure below 25 H2O cm, and 22 patients (73.3%) had a leak point pressure below 60 H2O cm. Collagen was employed in six cases (20%) and macroplastic in 24 (80%) (14 of them with the MIS system). 22 patients had three injection sites (73.3%). Mean follow-up was 38 months. Continence outcomes were evaluated in relation to complete continence (12 cases, 40%), mild incontinence and patient satisfaction (11 cases, 36.6%), and severe incontinence (7 cases, 23.3%). CONCLUSIONS: 1-To achieve acceptable results it is mandatory to do the best possible indication (Mc Guire type III SUI). 2.-There is an excellent relationship between minimal invasiveness and good results.

[The usage of food supplement to on the basis of calcium alginate for correction of liver infringements at virus hepatitis]
Savchenko, O. V., E. V. Shchur, et al. (2004), Vopr Pitan 73(5): 24-6.
Abstract: The efficiency of food supplement (BAS) on the basis of calcium alginate was studied among the diseased people with virus hepatitis. BAS was taken 3.0 g one time in morning on an empty stomach 40-60 vin before eating or taking medicine. The results of clinical observations showed that BAS helps to improve the early normalization of clinical situation and biochemical indexes in blood with virus liver diseases.

[The use of bone substitute materials in apitectomy of anterior teeth]
Kaminska, A. and J. Krukowska (2005), Wiad Lek 58(3-4): 166-9.
Abstract: The authors present cases of treatment of 16 teeth in 12 patients with cystis in the region of apical root. The bone defects were filled in with using bone substitute materials Bio-Oss and membranes Bio-Gide. Two years later all the bone defects were filled in with new tissue and any incidence of complications appeared.

[The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry of biomaterials used in dentistry. 2]
Lucchini, F., R. Mongiorgi, et al. (1995), Minerva Stomatol 44(1-2): 13-20.
Abstract: In this work we analyze the following biomaterial: biomaterials used in this study are: reabsorbable Dac Blu, non reabsorbable Dac Blu, non reabsorbable atomized Dac Blu, non reabsorbable thin Dac Blu, reabsorbable Biocoral 450, Calcitite 2040-12, Orthogel, Apagen, BTF 65, Calcitite 4060-2, Osprogel, Bio-Oss, Biostite, Osprovit, Merck Hydroxiapatite. The quantitative XRF analysis was performed by a Philips PW 1480 with Rh tube. This research, besides underlining the possibility of applying the XRF method to the analysis of biomaterials. This study, shows the facility and the rapidity in the preparation of samples and standards in the form of tablets to undergo the analysis: furthermore the study shows the possibility of verify the analysis on the same sample in the future, because the tablet if well conserved, does not deteriorate. We can also verify a good analytic accuracy both for the principal elements (Ca, P) and for trace elements. The analyses show a moderate variability in the Ca/P ratio in the hydroxylapatites, and a greater variability in the secondary and trace elements.

[Therapeutic application of mesenchymal stem cells in orthopaedics]
Potier, E. and H. Petite (2005), Pathol Biol (Paris) 53(3): 142-8.
Abstract: Stem cell therapy of skeletal tissues involves the transplantation of stem cells to the tissues that have been damaged by injury or disease. Although these cells can be derived from embryos, the preferred source of skeletal stem cells is the bone marrow as it contains adult stem cells that can be easily driven towards a bone phenotype. More recently, cells with similar potentialities have also been derived from adipose tissue, muscle, or blood. A biomaterial (ceramics or polymers) is often required as a scaffold to promote cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation as well as encourage vascular invasion and ultimately new bone formation. The first clinical studies are encouraging and suggests that stem cell therapy could be a prime method for bone reconstruction.

[Thombogenicity of biomaterials in cardiovascular surgery. Thrombo-protection and different types of grafts]
Babatasi, G., L. Bara, et al. (1997), Presse Med 26(34): 1643-7.

[Thrombogenicity of biomaterials in cardiovascular surgery. Methods for improving the thrombogenicity of cardiovascular prostheses]
Babatasi, G., L. Bara, et al. (1997), Presse Med 26(34): 1648-53.

[Time course of visual functions in patients with pigmentary retinal degeneration after surgical treatment with biomaterial "Alloplant"]
Galimova, V. U. (2001), Vestn Oftalmol 117(3): 20-3.
Abstract: The effects of operations using alloplant biomaterial on the time course of visual functions were evaluated in patients with pigmented degeneration of the retina in various terms after surgery. 198 patients with terminal and subterminal stages of pigmented degeneration of the retina were operated on by inserting alloplant into the suprachoroidal space, after which they were observed for 1, 2, and 3-5 years. Visual acuity, kinetic and static visual fields were measured and computer perimetry was carried out. Analysis of the results indicates that the operation making use of alloplant leads to statistically significant improvement of visual fields and visual acuity and to stabilization of these functions during the periods of observations in patients with subterminal and terminal stages of pigmented degeneration of the retina. These data allow us to regard the operation with alloplant as one of the methods inhibiting the development of pigmented degeneration of the retina and in some cases improving the visual function.

[Tissue engineered bone reconstruction with modified PLGA/Type-I collagen compound scaffold]
Zhu, H. Y., H. M. Wang, et al. (2005), Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 34(3): 233-6.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To fabricate bone grafts by bone marrow stromal cell combined with modified PLGA/Type-I collagen compound scaffold using tissue engineering method. METHODS: The modified PLGA/Type-I collagen compound scaffold was fabricated. The rabbit primary cultured osteoblasts were identified and seeded onto the modified compound scaffold for one week in vitro. The adhesion and growth of cells were observed with scanning electron microscope. The complex of cells and scaffold was implanted into the subcutaneous region of rabbits and new bone formation was evaluated. RESULTS: The rabbit bone marrow stromal cells were induced and differentiated into osteoblasts. The adhesion and growth of osteoblasts in cluster were observed on the surface of scaffolds. New bone formation was observed at one month postoperatively and active osteoblasts were found on the surface of the newly formed bone in vivo. CONCLUSION: The complex of PLGA and type-I collagen is an appropriate biodegradable scaffold and can be applied in bone tissue engineering.

[Tissue engineered bone regeneration of periosteal cells using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 induce]
Zhang, C., Y. Hu, et al. (2005), Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 19(2): 100-4.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate bone regeneration of the cell-biomaterial complex using strategies of tissue engineering based on cells. METHODS: Hydroxyapatite/collagen (HAC) sandwich composite was produced to mimic the natural extracellular matrix of bone, with type I collagen serving as a template for apatite formation. A three-dimensional poly-porous scaffold was developed by mixing HAC with poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) using a thermally induced phase separation technique (TIPS). The rabbit periosteal cells were treated with 500 ng/ml of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2), followed by seeded into pre-wet HAC-PLA scaffolds. Eighteen 3-month nude mice were implanted subcutaneously cell suspension (group A, n = 6), simple HAC-PLA scaffold (group B, n = 6) and cell-biomaterial complex (group C, n = 6) respectively. RESULTS: Using type I collagen to template mineralization of calcium and phosphate in solution, we get HAC sandwich composite, mimicking the natural bone both in composition and microstructure. The three dimensional HAC-PLA scaffold synthesized by TIPS had high porosity up to 90%, with pore size ranging from 50 microm to 300 microm. SEM examination proved that the scaffold supported the adhesion and proliferation of the periosteal cells. Histology results showed new bone formation 8 weeks after implantation in group C. The surface of group A was smooth without neoplasma. Fibrous tissue invasion occured in group B and no bone and cartilage formations were observed. CONCLUSION: The constructed tissue engineering bone has emerged as another promising alternative for bone repair.

[Tissue engineering and smart biomaterials]
Tateishi, T. (2000), Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 45(16): 2639-45.

[Tissue engineering for heart valves and vascular grafts]
Teebken, O. E., M. Wilhelmi, et al. (2005), Chirurg 76(5): 453-66.
Abstract: Current prosthetic substitutes for heart valves and blood vessels have numerous limitations such as limited durability (biological valves), susceptibility to infection, the necessity of lifelong anticoagulation therapy (prosthetic valves), and reduced patency in small-caliber grafts, for example. Tissue engineering using either polymers or decellularized native allogeneic or xenogenic heart valve/vascular matrices may provide the techniques to develop the ideal heart valve or vascular graft. The matrix scaffold serves as a basis on which seeded cells can organise and develop into the valve or vascular tissue prior to or following implantation. The scaffold is either degraded or metabolised during the formation and organisation of the newly generated matrix, leading to vital living tissue. This paper summarises current research and first clinical developments in the tissue engineering of heart valves and vascular grafts.

[Tissue reaction after implantation of ceramic biomaterials with introduced electrokinetic zeta potential on surface]
Lewandowski, R., R. Rutowski, et al. (2004), Polim Med 34(1): 13-25.
Abstract: Studies over implants showed, that not only the kind of structure of material, but also the character of surface influences the local reaction. Endeavour to obtain the best possible biological properties of implants, intended to supplementing of osseous decreases, contributed to carrying out investigations over implants about active surface. Electrochemical reactions, occurring on implants surface, lead to beginning of electric occurrences on implant/tissue interface and beginning of so-called potential zeta. Utilization of these properties in implantology, induced us to carry out experimental studies with use of biomaterials with modified surface and of influence of potential zeta on biocompatibility. The carried out studies referred: to comparative investigations of tissue reaction of implants ceramic with of solid and porous surface, and to influence of electric load zeta on tissue reaction. For the studies were used 3 kinds of ceramics: porous, solid and solid ceramics with potential zeta (silanovated). The studies were carried out on 50 rats, to which studied ceramics was implanted into back muscles. Pathomorphological assessments were carried out 1, 4, 12, 26 and 32 weeks after implantation. The results of pathomorphological studies after implantation of ceramics solid and solid silanovated showed, that already after 1 week was formed thin membrane with visible, small blood-vessels. After 32 weeks it was significantly thicker. The produced capsule was strongly connected with surrounding muscles, and from side the implant adhered to it's surface. In case of implants of porous ceramics, already after 1 week the produced capsule of connective tissue was clearly thicker, and after 32 weeks it was, whitish, opaque, strongly connected to surrounding muscles. From side implant it became rooted in pores of ceramics. In microscopic studies it was shown, that both in early and distant period, the character and size of tissue reaction was dependent on structures of implant surface. Porous ceramics implanted in soft tissues, produced stronger inflammatory reaction being characterized with long lasting phase infiltration, which drove to producing thick connective tissue capsule. 32 weeks after implantation in the produced capsule these were visible former focuses of chondroid tissue. Reaction tissue occurring round solid ceramics, was characterized with shorter and less intensive proliferation phase. After 32 weeks visible former thin connective tissue capsule was visible. Ceramics with potential zeta (silanovated) generated minimum-tissue reaction, without visible proliferation phase. Studies in light and scanning microscopes, executed 32 weeks after implantation showed, that in produced thin layer of connective tissue were visible with adamantinating and calcifications focuses, and on the surface of ceramics were formed osseous tin plates.

[Tissue reaction after injection of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) preparation into knee joint. Experiment]
Pielka, S., B. Zywicka, et al. (2004), Polim Med 34(4): 3-8.
Abstract: Internally netted miscogelatinated preparation on the basis of polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP desioned for viscosuplementation of joint fluid was worked out. Netted structure of microgel grains presents larger resistance to the degrading action of free radicals than analogical linear polymer chains. Application of zoogeous preparations of hyaluronic acid results in short-term effects of their usage in evoking reaction foreign protein. Replenishment of joint fluid with preparation with higher biostability from biocompatible synthetic polymer-polyvinylpyrrolidone could improve the function of synovial through restoration of its proper viscosity and protection of the joint for a longer period of time. The aim of the experiment was determination of bioresistance and reaction of microgel PVP on the tissues of synovial joint. The tests were carried out on 10 white New Zealand rabbits after injection PVP into the knee joint for 3, 7, 14 and 30 days and submitted to macroscopic and histological evaluation. The results of tests were compared with the data obtained after injection of normal saline. Macroscopically, there were no changes in the limits of articular capsule and cartilage; there was only slight and enlargement of synovial membrane in the first 7 days after PVP injection. In histological tests it was observed that reaction in the knee joint after PVP injection was characterised it single inflammatory chains without essential participation of neutrophils observed only in synovial membrane and limited to places were tested preparation was seen. Microgel PVP was present in diverticula of synovial membrane to 30th day after injection.

[To standardize the eye bank in China.]
Pan, Z. Q. and W. H. Zhang (2005), Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 41(5): 385-6.
Abstract: According to the present situation of eye bank home and abroad, the problems in development of eye bank in China were analyzed. It is vital to standardize the eye bank establishment reasonably and appropriately, to construct the network system of eye bank, to ensure the supply capability of the corneal donors. The storage method of corneal medium, safety of biomaterials usage, propaganda of the corneal donation were also emphasized. It is important to strengthen the basic research of the preservation of cornea tissue in China.

[Tooth bud fixation by the material LitAr]
Litvinov, S. D. and R. I. Rakhimov (2005), Stomatologiia (Mosk) 84(2): 62-5.
Abstract: The results of the biotransformation investigation of the material LitAr after replacing through it the cystectomy area for the fixation of the permanent tooth rudiment are given here. The conversion process of the material LitAr into the bone tissue was checked roentgenologically and with the use of magnetic resonance image (MRI). In accordance with the MRI data all the bone tissue formation marks have been stated in 2 months after implanting the material LitAr into the rudiment fixation area. All the further observations (up to 10 months) have shown the bone tissue formation which was accompanied by cutting the tooth in the correct position and on time.

[Treatment of an acute tympanic membrane perforation with EGF releasing film]
Huttenbrink, K. B. (2005), Hno 53(6): 515-6.


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