Alloys
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A mixture of metallic elements or compounds with other metallic or metalloid elements in varying proportions.
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Alveolar
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Part of jaw containing sockets of teeth
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Amalgam
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Blend of materials
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Ankylosis
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Stiffening or joining of bones
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Apposition
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Suited for the purpose
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Arthrodesis
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Stiffening joint
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Arthroplasty
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Replacement of joints
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Arthrosis
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Wear in joints
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Biocompatible coated materials
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Biocompatible materials usually used in dental and bone implants that enhance biologic fixation, thereby increasing the bond strength between the coated material and bone, and minimize possible biological effects that may result from the implant itself.
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Biocompatible materials
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Synthetic or natural materials, other than drugs, that are used to replace or repair any body tissue or bodily function.
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Biomaterials (1)
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Materials used to manufacture prostheses, implants, and surgical instruments. Designed not to provoke rejection by our bodies (skin, blood, bone, etc.), they can be natural (collagen, cellulose, etc.) or synthetic (metallic, alloy, ceramic, plastic, and others). Dental crowns and contact lenses use biomaterials.
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Biomaterials (2)
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Synthetic or natural materials that can replace or augment tissues, organs or body functions.
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Biomechanics
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Mechanical structures of living organisms (especially muscles and bones).
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Biomedical polymers
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More and more therapeutic problems are relevant to the use of polymer- based therapeutic aids for a limited period of time, namely the healing time related to the outstanding capacity of living systems to self- repair … After healing the remaining prosthetic materials or devices become foreign residues or wastes that have to be eliminated from the body. Nowadays, biocompatible polymers that can degrade in the body are developed. The degradation and the elimination of degradation by-products depend on rather complex phenomena
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Biomimetic
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Biomimetic refers to human-made processes, substances, devices, or systems that imitate nature. The art and science of designing and building biomimetic apparatus is called biomimetics, and is of special interest to researchers in nanotechnology, robotics, artificial intelligence (AI), the medical industry, and the military.
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Biomimetic materials
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Materials fabricated by BIOMIMETICS techniques, i.e., based on natural processes found in biological systems
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Biomolecular materials
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An emerging discipline, materials whose properties are abstracted from biology. They share many of the characteristics of biological materials but are not necessarily of biological origin. For example, they may be inorganic materials that are organized or processed in a biomimetic fashion. A key feature of biological and biomolecular materials is their ability to undergo self- assembly. [Biomolecular self-assembling materials, National Academy of Sciences 1996]
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Bone Cements
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Adhesives used to fix prosthetic devices to bones and to cement bone to bone in difficult fractures. Synthetic resins are commonly used as cements. A mixture of monocalcium phosphate, monohydrate, alpha-tricalcium phosphate, and calcium carbonate with a sodium phosphate solution is also a useful bone paste.
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Bone Substitutes
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Synthetic or natural materials for the replacement of bones or bone tissue. They include hard tissue replacement polymers, natural coral, hydroxyapatite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, and various other biomaterials. The bone substitutes as inert materials can be incorporated into surrounding tissue or gradually replaced by original tissue.
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Ceramics
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Products made by baking or firing nonmetallic minerals (clay and similar materials). In making dental restorations or parts of restorations the material is fused porcelain.
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Clasp
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Attachment to fix to bone
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Coated Materials, Biocompatible
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Biocompatible materials usually used in dental and bone implants that enhance biologic fixation, thereby increasing the bond strength between the coated material and bone, and minimize possible biological effects that may result from the implant itself.
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Collagen
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Fibrous protein in connective tissue
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Combinatorial materials design
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Uses computing power (sometimes together with massive parallel experimentation) to screen many different materials possibilities to optimize properties for specific applications (e.g., catalysts, drugs, optical materials).
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Comminution
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Reduce to powder deciduous teeth
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Compomers
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Composite materials composed of an ion-leachable glass embedded in a polymeric matrix. They differ from GLASS-IONOMER CEMENTS in that partially silanized glass particles are used to provide a direct bond to the resin matrix and the matrix is primarily formed by a light-activated, radical polymerization reaction.
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Composite Resins
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Synthetic resins, containing an inert filler, that are widely used in dentistry.
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Composites
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Combinations of metals, ceramics, polymers, and biological materials that allow multi- functional behavior. One common practice is reinforcing polymers or ceramics with ceramic fibers to increase strength while retaining light weight and avoiding the brittleness of the monolithic ceramic. Materials used in the body often combine biological and structural functions (e.g., the encapsulation of drugs).
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Cyanoacrylates
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A group of compounds having the general formula CH2=C(CN)-COOR; it polymerizes on contact with moisture; used as tissue adhesive; higher homologs have hemostatic and antibacterial properties.
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Dental Alloys
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A mixture of metallic elements or compounds with other metallic or metalloid elements in varying proportions for use in restorative or prosthetic dentistry.
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Dental Cements
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Substances used as bonding or luting agents in restorative dentistry, root canal therapy, prosthedontics, and orthodontics.
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Dental Implants
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Biocompatible materials placed into (endosseous) or onto (subperiosteal) the jawbone to support a crown, bridge, or artificial tooth, or to stabilize a diseased tooth.
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Dental Impression Materials
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Substances used to create an impression, or negative reproduction, of the teeth and dental arches. These materials include dental plasters and cements, metallic oxide pastes, silicone base materials, or elastomeric materials.
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Dental Materials
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Materials used in the production of dental bases, restorations, impressions, prostheses, etc.
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Dental Porcelain
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A type of porcelain used in dental restorations, either jacket crowns or inlays, artificial teeth, or metal-ceramic crowns. It is essentially a mixture of particles of feldspar and quartz, the feldspar melting first and providing a glass matrix for the quartz. Dental porcelain is produced by mixing ceramic powder (a mixture of quartz, kaolin, pigments, opacifiers, a suitable flux, and other substances) with distilled water. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)
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Dentin
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Hard tissue forming the body of the tooth, under the enamel
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Endosseous
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Bone
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Epithelial
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Cellular tissue covering surfaces, forming glands, and covering most cavities of the body
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Isthmus
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A narrow strip of tissue connecting two large parts of an organ
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Materials science
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Science of ceramics, glass, metals, plastics, semiconductors.
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MatML Materials Markup Language
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Materials property data distributed on the World Wide Web in documents using hypertext markup language - http://www.matml.org/
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Metal Ceramic Alloys
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The fusion of ceramics (porcelain) to an alloy of two or more metals for use in restorative and prosthodontic dentistry. Examples of metal alloys employed include cobalt-chromium, gold-palladium, gold-platinum-palladium, and nickel-based alloys.
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Orthodontic
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Orthodontic correcting and preventing irregularities of the teeth
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Peridontal
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Situated or occurring around a tooth
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Periosteum
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Membrane of tough, fibrous connective tissue covering all bones except at joints
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Pit and Fissure Sealants
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Agents used to occlude dental enamel pits and fissures in the prevention of dental caries.
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Polydioxanone
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An absorbable suture material used also as ligating clips, as pins for internal fixation of broken bones, and as ligament reinforcement for surgically managed ligament injuries. Its promising characteristics are elasticity, complete biodegradability, and lack of side effects such as infections.
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Polymers
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Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., polypeptides, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, plastics).
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Prosthesis
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Artificial replacement of the human body
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Prosthodontic
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Artificial tooth replacement
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Root Canal Filling Materials
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Materials placed inside a root canal for the purpose of obturating or sealing it. The materials may be gutta-percha, silver cones, paste mixtures, or other substances. (Dorland, 28th ed, p631 & Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p187)
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Self-assembling peptides
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Using standard peptide chemistry, we are able to manufacture small oligopeptide fragments which self- assemble into nano- fibers on a scale identical to in vivo extracellular matrix and impossible to synthetically produce by other manufacturing techniques.
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Self-assembly
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A process in which supramolecular hierarchical organization is established without external intervention.... The approaches used can be expected to fall into two general categories. The first involves directly mimicking biological systems or processes to produce materials with enhanced properties. An example of this approach is the use of molecular genetic techniques to produce polymers with unprecedentedly uniform molecular length. The second category involves studying how nature accomplishes a task or creates a structure with unusual properties, and then applying similar techniques in a completely different context or using completely different materials.
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Smart materials
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Several different types of materials exhibit sensing and actuation capabilities, including ferroelectrics (exhibiting strain in response to a electric field), shape- memory alloys (exhibiting phase transition- driven shape change in response to temperature change), and magnetostrictive materials (exhibiting strain in response to a magnetic field). These effects also work in reverse, so that these materials, separately or together, can be used to combine sensing and actuation in response to environmental conditions.
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Tissue Adhesives
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Substances used to cause adherence of tissue to tissue or tissue to non-tissue surfaces, as for prostheses.
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